Subtraction means addition of the additive inverse. For two numbers a and b, we say
a-b
when we mean a + (-b) where -b is a number with the property that b + -b = 0.
This applies to all real numbers, which of course includes integers.
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Let x and y be two integers. x - y = x + (-y)
when you add two positive integers the answer is always positive when you add two negative integers the answer is positive when you add one negative and on positive integer, the answer is negative subtracting two negative numbers gets a negative answer subtracting two positive numbers- the answer depends subtracting a negative and positive number- the answer depends, the positive number would have to be bigger than the negative to achieve a negative number, and if the positive number is less, than the answer is still negative
Adding two numbers with different signs means subtracting the two absolute integers (without sign) and vice versa.
Look at it the other way - by reverting the operation. The reason it is not a whole number is because if it where, then the subtraction of two integers would be a fraction! If a + b = c (a is a non-integer fraction, b and c are integers), then c - b = a. You would have a fraction as a result of subtracting two integers. However, adding or subtracting two integers always gives you an integer.
Integers are whole numbers, both positive and negative. Therefore, adding and subtracting integers would be adding and subtracting whole numbers. Examples: 8+2 -8+2 8-2 -8-2