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25, which is five squared, is the first square number greater than 23.
The square root of the number 23 = ± 4.795832
It is not the square of a whole number; but it is the square of a real number. If you calculate the square root of 23, you will get a real number. That real number times itself will equal 23. But the square root will not be a simple whole number. It will have an endless decimal fraction.
no 23 is a prime number
No. Such a number is referred to as a perfect square. The closest perfect square to 23 is 25, the square root of which is 5.