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An "opposite side" depends on the shape that you have got. For a polygon with an even number of sides, (say 2n), the side which is opposite a given side is one that is nth from that side. In such a polygon a vertex does not have an opposite side. For a polygon with an odd number of sides, (say 2n+1), the side which is opposite a given vertex is one that is (n+1)th from that vertex. In such a polygon a side does not have an opposite side.
The side opposite the right angle is the hypotenuse.
hypotenuse*hypotenuse=opposite side*opposite side+adjecent side*adjecent side
The side opposite the right angle is called the hypotenuse
A line through the vertex and the side opposite - nothing more. There need not even be a side opposite - as is the case with a square!