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Phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
The collection of all populations of species in an area is the community.
A molecule, if the species is molecular. If the species is ionic, it is the unit cell, since it cannot be broken down into individual molecules.
Species. That's probably the answer you want but there are also subspecies defined for many animals.
According to Wikipedia: The largest living species is the Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri): adults average about 1.1 m (3 ft 7 in) tall and weigh 35 kg (75 lb) or more. The smallest penguin species is the Little Blue Penguin (also known as the Fairy Penguin), which stands around 40 cm tall