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There is no mathematical proof that space is infinite. All we know is that there is an expanding limit to what we can see.
An infinite series of points
In advanced mathematics, familiar trigonometric ratios such as sine, cosine or tan are defined as infinite series. For example, sin(x) = x - x3/3! + x5/5! - ... Such series are used to calculate trig ratios and the proof of their their convergence to a specific value depends on calculus.
They are used to approximate functions like sin(x) and cos(x), so a calculator, for example, can calculate sin (x) and cos(x), which are infinite series functions.
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