In advanced mathematics, familiar trigonometric ratios such as sine, cosine or tan are defined as infinite series.
For example, sin(x) = x - x3/3! + x5/5! - ...
Such series are used to calculate trig ratios and the proof of their their convergence to a specific value depends on calculus.
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It is certainly used in calculus, just as calculus can be used in trigonometry.
Generally pre-calculus is taken after trigonometry, unless the trigonometry course was supplemented by a pre-calculus course, in which case the next course would be calculus.
Trigonometry came first thousands of years ago. Calculus was only discovered several hundered years ago.
Trigonometry is engineering math, but If you are going to study something in physics, or science, (basically this is "applied science"), you will need lots of calculus. calculus appears a lot in "Stargate".
pi and e are irrational numbers. Without them most of geometry, trigonometry, calculus or probability distributions would not be defined.