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normal distribution
normal distribution
There are many different bases for standardisation - even if you only consider the Gaussian (Normal) distribution. If a variable X has a Gaussian distribution, then the corresponding Standard Normal deviate, Z, is obtained from X by subtracting the mean of X and then dividing the result by the standard deviation of X. The variable, Z, more commonly known as the Z-score, has a Gaussian distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation 1. But, if X is an IQ score, for example, different measures of the X variable are used so that the resulting variable has mean 100 and standard deviation 15.
There is 1) standard deviation, 2) mean deviation and 3) mean absolute deviation. The standard deviation is calculated most of the time. If our objective is to estimate the variance of the overall population from a representative random sample, then it has been shown theoretically that the standard deviation is the best estimate (most efficient). The mean deviation is calculated by first calculating the mean of the data and then calculating the deviation (value - mean) for each value. If we then sum these deviations, we calculate the mean deviation which will always be zero. So this statistic has little value. The individual deviations may however be of interest. See related link. To obtain the means absolute deviation (MAD), we sum the absolute value of the individual deviations. We will obtain a value that is similar to the standard deviation, a measure of dispersal of the data values. The MAD may be transformed to a standard deviation, if the distribution is known. The MAD has been shown to be less efficient in estimating the standard deviation, but a more robust estimator (not as influenced by erroneous data) as the standard deviation. See related link. Most of the time we use the standard deviation to provide the best estimate of the variance of the population.
It shows primarily that the measurement unit used for recording the data is very large. For example, the standard deviation of the heights of individuals, when recorded in metres, will be one hundredth of the standard deviation of their heights when recorded in centimetres. The process is known as coding.
normal distribution
normal distribution
If the samples are drawn frm a normal population, when the population standard deviation is unknown and estimated by the sample standard deviation, the sampling distribution of the sample means follow a t-distribution.
Yes.
If the sample size is large (>30) or the population standard deviation is known, we use the z-distribution.If the sample sie is small and the population standard deviation is unknown, we use the t-distribution
it is possible to distribute standard deviation and mean but you dont have to understand how the mouse runs up the clock hicorky dickory dock.
For data sets having a normal distribution, the following properties depend on the mean and the standard deviation. This is known as the Empirical rule. About 68% of all values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean About 95% of all values fall within 2 standard deviation of the mean About 99.7% of all values fall within 3 standard deviation of the mean. So given any value and given the mean and standard deviation, one can say right away where that value is compared to 60, 95 and 99 percent of the other values. The mean of the any distribution is a measure of centrality, but in case of the normal distribution, it is equal to the mode and median of the distribtion. The standard deviation is a measure of data dispersion or variability. In the case of the normal distribution, the mean and the standard deviation are the two parameters of the distribution, therefore they completely define the distribution. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution
z- statistics is applied under two conditions: 1. when the population standard deviation is known. 2. when the sample size is large. In the absence of the parameter sigma when we use its estimate s, the distribution of z remains no longer normal but changes to t distribution. this modification depends on the degrees of freedom available for the estimation of sigma or standard deviation. hope this will help u.... mona upreti.. :)
There are many different bases for standardisation - even if you only consider the Gaussian (Normal) distribution. If a variable X has a Gaussian distribution, then the corresponding Standard Normal deviate, Z, is obtained from X by subtracting the mean of X and then dividing the result by the standard deviation of X. The variable, Z, more commonly known as the Z-score, has a Gaussian distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation 1. But, if X is an IQ score, for example, different measures of the X variable are used so that the resulting variable has mean 100 and standard deviation 15.
There is 1) standard deviation, 2) mean deviation and 3) mean absolute deviation. The standard deviation is calculated most of the time. If our objective is to estimate the variance of the overall population from a representative random sample, then it has been shown theoretically that the standard deviation is the best estimate (most efficient). The mean deviation is calculated by first calculating the mean of the data and then calculating the deviation (value - mean) for each value. If we then sum these deviations, we calculate the mean deviation which will always be zero. So this statistic has little value. The individual deviations may however be of interest. See related link. To obtain the means absolute deviation (MAD), we sum the absolute value of the individual deviations. We will obtain a value that is similar to the standard deviation, a measure of dispersal of the data values. The MAD may be transformed to a standard deviation, if the distribution is known. The MAD has been shown to be less efficient in estimating the standard deviation, but a more robust estimator (not as influenced by erroneous data) as the standard deviation. See related link. Most of the time we use the standard deviation to provide the best estimate of the variance of the population.
The mean is the sum of each sample divided by the number of samples.The median is the middle sample in a ranked list of samples, or the mean of the middle two samples if the number of samples is even.The standard deviation is the square root of the sum of the squares of the difference between the mean and each of the samples, such sum then divided by either N or by N-1, before the square root is taken. N is used for population standard deviation, where the mean is known independently of the calculation of the standard deviation. N-1 is used for sample standard deviation, where the mean is calculated along with the standard deviation, and the "-1" compensates for the loss of a "degree of freedom" that such a procedure entails.Not asked, but answered for completeness sake, the mode is the most probable value, and does not necessarily represent the mean such as in an asymmetrically skewed distribution, such as a Poisson distribution.
The question gives summary statistics for a population. If the underlying distribution is Gaussian, or some other known distribution, then the probability density function can be calculated. Even so, there is no question and so nothing to "solve".