Standard error is an indicator of the expected level of variation from the predicted outcome in an estimate. So even though the mean is mostly likely the outcome, the actual range the outcome could call into is a region which is measured by the standard error.
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An estimate for the mean of a set of observations is just that - an estimate. Another set of observations will give a different estimates. These estimates for the mean will have a distribution which will have a standard error. If you have two sub-populations, the mean of each sub-population will have a standards error and the se of the difference between the means is a measure of the variability of the estimates of the difference.A typical school work example: the heights of men and of women. There will be a mean height for men, Hm, with a se for men's heights and a mean height for women, Hw, with its own se. The difference in mean heights is Hm - Hw and which will have an estimated se.
the purpose and function of standard error of mean
Type I error.
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