Because of changes made to the real rules regarding the governance of the original Roman numeral system made during the Middle Ages nowadays 1999 and 2014 when converted into Roman numerals are officially MCMXCIX and MMXIV which seems rather strange because they don't quite easily lend themselves to the 4 basic mathematical operations of arithmetic one of which is addition.
But there exist historical evidence to show that the ancient Romans would have probably added together the equivalent of 1999 and 2014 in either of the following formats:-
Abridged format:
IMM+IMMXV = MMMMXIII => (2000-1)+(2015-1) = 4013
Elongated format:
MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII+MMXIIII = MMMMXIII => 1999+2014 = 4013
Note that: MMMMXIII can be abridged to (IV)XIII which means 1000*4+10+3 = 4013
Save yourself the trouble and convert the numbers to arabic numbers (the numbers we usually use).
They are worked out as in the following formats:- MDCCS:. + LXXV:. = MDCCLXXVI => 1700.75 + 75.25 = 1776 MDCCS:. - LXXV:. = MDCXXVS => 1700.75 - 75.25 = 1625.5
Under today's modern rules now governing the Roman numeral system 249 in Roman numerals is considered to be CCXLIX but the ancient Romans would have probably evaluated the above in any of the following formats:-A: MDCCLXXVI+ICCL = MMXXV => 1776+(250-1) = 2025B: MDCCLXXVI+CCXXXXVIIII = MMXXV => 1776+249 = 2025C: MDCCLXXVI-ICCL = MDXXVII => 1776-(250-1) = 1527D: MDCCLXXVI-CCXXXXVIIII = MDXXVII => 1776-249 = 1527QED
The modern way of expressing 19 into Roman numerals is now XIX but the ancient Romans would have probably worked out the above calculations as follows: A: XXXI+IXX = L => 31+(20-1) = 50. B: XXXI+XVIIII = L => 31+19 = 50. C: XXXI-IXX = XII => 31-(20-1) = 12. D: XXXI-XVIIII = XII => 31-19 = 12.
In todays modern configurations of Roman numerals the equivalent of 1, 99 and 1900 are now officially set out as I, XCIX and MCM respectively which makes mathematical interaction amongst them quite difficult.Yet there is evidence to suggest that the ancient Romans would have probably added together the equvalent of the given numbers in either of the following formats:-A: I+IC+CMM = MM => 1+(100-1)+(2000-100) = 2000B: I+LXXXXVIIII+MDCCCC = MM => 1+99+1900 = 2000Note that for more complicated arithmetical problems the ancient Romans would have made use of an abacos calculating board.QED
Save yourself the trouble and convert the numbers to arabic numbers (the numbers we usually use).
Cmxcix + xiv + mcmlxxxvii = mmm. It should be all in capital letters, but the system changed them.
Doing arithmetic with Roman numerals is exasperating, and imho a pointless waste of time, except to demonstrate the obvious superiority of our "normal numbers," which use base-10 radix / positional notation that includes a zero digit as a placeholder. I'd venture to say science & technology -- commerce, too -- could never have developed in recent centuries if we still used Roman numerals for calculations. However, this web site explains some methods: http://turner.faculty.swau.edu/mathematics/materialslibrary/roman/
In today's modern conversion of Roman numerals 49 and 19 are now considered to be XLIX and XIX respectively but the ancient Romans would have probably worked out the above as follows:- IL+IXX = LXVIII => (50-1)+(20-1) = 68 XXXXVIIII+XVIIII = LXVIII => 49+19 = 68 IL-IXX = XXX => (50-1)-(20-1) = 30 XXXXVIIII-XVIIII => 49-19 = 30 For more complicated calculations the Romans would use an abacus calculating device.
Today's modern way of expressing 1449 as Roman numerals is now MCDXLIX which prohibits sensible interaction with other numerals but the ancient Romans would have worked out the equivalent of 1449 on an abacus counting device as MCCCCXXXXVIIII and probably abridged it to ILMD thus facilitating the speed and ease of calculations as follows:-MDCCLXXVI+ILMD = MMMCCXXV => 1776+(1500-51) = 3225MDCCLXXVI-ILMD = CCCXXVII => 1776-(1500-51) = 327Note that the results would be exactly the same if we were to use the longer version of the equivalent of 1449.QED
They are worked out as in the following formats:- MDCCS:. + LXXV:. = MDCCLXXVI => 1700.75 + 75.25 = 1776 MDCCS:. - LXXV:. = MDCXXVS => 1700.75 - 75.25 = 1625.5
Nowadays we would convert 1900 into Roman numerals as MCM but the ancient Romans would have probably worked out the given numbers as follows:-X+CMM+XC = MM => 10+(2000-100)+(100-10) = 2000X+MDCCCC+LXXXX = MM => 10+1900+90 = 2000QED
When in Rome do as the Roman do and the ancient Romans would have probably added together 1999 and 3001 in either of the following ways:- IMM+MMMI = (V) => (2000-1)+3001 = 1000*5 = 5000 MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII+MMMI = (V) => 1999+30001 = 5000 Note that in todays modern configuration of Roman numerals 1999 is now considered to be MCMXCIX
Nowadays the modern way of converting 499 into Roman numerals is now considered to be CDXCIX but there exist credible evidence to suggest that the ancient Romans would have probably worked out the equivalent of 499 on an abacus counting device as CCCCLXXXXVIIII and then logically abridged it to ID in written format thus facilitating the speed and ease of the aforesaid required calculations as follows:-MDCCLXXVI+ID = MMCCLXXV => 1776+(500-1) = 2275MDCCLXXVI+CCCCLXXXXVIIII = MMCCLXXV => 1776+499 = 2275MDCCLXXVI-ID = MCCLXXVII => 1776-(500-1) = 1277MDCCLXXVI-CCCCLXXXXVIIII = MCCLXXVII => 1776-499 = 1277Note that in mathematics -(500-1) changes to 1-500QED
Under today's modern rules now governing the Roman numeral system 249 in Roman numerals is considered to be CCXLIX but the ancient Romans would have probably evaluated the above in any of the following formats:-A: MDCCLXXVI+ICCL = MMXXV => 1776+(250-1) = 2025B: MDCCLXXVI+CCXXXXVIIII = MMXXV => 1776+249 = 2025C: MDCCLXXVI-ICCL = MDXXVII => 1776-(250-1) = 1527D: MDCCLXXVI-CCXXXXVIIII = MDXXVII => 1776-249 = 1527QED
In todays modern configuration of Roman numerals 49 is now considered to be XLIX but the ancient Romans would have probably added the given numbers in either of the following formats:-A: MDCCLXXVI+IL = MDCCCXXV => 1776+(50-1) = 1825.B: MDCCLXXVI+XXXXVIIII = MDCCCXXV => 1776+49 = 1825.For more complicated calculations the Romans would have used an abacus calculating device.QED
The modern way of expressing 19 into Roman numerals is now XIX but the ancient Romans would have probably worked out the above calculations as follows: A: XXXI+IXX = L => 31+(20-1) = 50. B: XXXI+XVIIII = L => 31+19 = 50. C: XXXI-IXX = XII => 31-(20-1) = 12. D: XXXI-XVIIII = XII => 31-19 = 12.