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What variables must be kept constant
Constant variable
In order for the results to be valid, the dependent variable can only be affected by the independent variable, so somethings need to be kept CONSTANT. The things that need to be kept constant are called CONTROLLED VARIABLES. Even if controlled variables are affecting the dependent variable(s), which they usually do, keeping them constant will ensure that all trials of an investigation were equally impacted by the controlled variables, therefore allowing one to see the impact of an independent variable on the dependent variable. All in all, a 'constant' in a science experiment should actually be called a 'controlled variable' and the description of such a variable is described in the third point. Hope this clarifies.
Such a number is called a "constant". If the number appears in front of a variable, it is sometimes called a "coefficient".
the controlled variables are the factors that are kept constant during an experiment. if they are not kept constant then they may affect the outcome of the experiment. the manipulated variable is the factor that is different between the experiment and the control. the responding variable is the variable that is being measured in the experiment.