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When there is a good theoretical model for the experiment and the model allows you to identify all the factors affecting the outcome and determine their impact on the outcome. Even if you cannot identify all the factors, you can still use theoretical probability but the predictions from your model will be less reliable. Econometrics is a good example of using theoretical probability based on an incomplete understanding of the model.
because your econometrics professor said so!
to done some statistical problems arond income,consumption
What determines the theoretical throughput of a bus
Theoretical: pertaining to, or consisting in theory