A random variate is a particular outcome of a random variable: the random variates which are other outcomes of the same random variable would have different values.
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A variable defined on a continuous interval as opposed to one that can take only discrete values.
The F-variate, named after the statistician Ronald Fisher, crops up in statistics in the analysis of variance (amongst other things). Suppose you have a bivariate normal distribution. You calculate the sums of squares of the dependent variable that can be explained by regression and a residual sum of squares. Under the null hypothesis that there is no linear regression between the two variables (of the bivariate distribution), the ratio of the regression sum of squares divided by the residual sum of squares is distributed as an F-variate. There is a lot more to it, but not something that is easy to explain in this manner - particularly when I do not know your knowledge level.
An absolute deviation is the difference between a given value and a variate value in statistics, or, in target shooting, the shortest distance between the centre of the target and the point where the projectile hit.
inferential statistics
cause a change