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In any experiment there are many kinds of variables that will effect the experiment. The independent variable is the manipulation for the experiment and the dependent variable is the measure you take from that experiment. Confounding variables are things in which have an effect on the dependent variable, but were taken into account in the experimental design. For example, you want to know if Drug X has an effect on causing sleep. The experimenter must take care to design the experiment so that he can be very sure that the subjects in the study fell asleep because of the influence of his Drug X, and that the sleepiness was not caused by other factors. Those other factors would be confounding variables.
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Dependent upon the variables, you need to take into consideration factors that can affect the outcome of the result; what will make the result vary in any way. If this, for example, entails the variable to be kept constant time, you will monitor the time and repeat it throughout the experiment. This is my understanding of constant variables; hope this helped.
When the variables take fractional values, particularly if the domain and codomain are not very big.When the variables take fractional values, particularly if the domain and codomain are not very big.When the variables take fractional values, particularly if the domain and codomain are not very big.When the variables take fractional values, particularly if the domain and codomain are not very big.
One definite drawback is that it is usually derived based on historical data and does not take into account future factors.