All multiples of the lowest common multiple of {2, 4, 8} have {2, 4, 8} as factors.
lcm(2, 4, 8) = 8→ all multiples of 8 have {2, 4, 8} as factors, namely:
8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104, 112, 120, 128, 136, 144, 152, 160, 168, 176, 184, 192, 200, 208, 216, 224, 232, 240, 248, 256, 264, 272, 280, 288, 296, 304, 312, 320, 328, 336, 344, 352, 360, 368, 376, 384, 392, 400, 408, 416, 424, 432, 440, 448, 456, 464, 472, 480, 488, 496, 504, 512, 520, 528, 536, 544, 552, 560, 568, 576, 584, 592, 600, 608, 616, 624, 632, 640, 648, 656, 664, 672, 680, 688, 696, 704, 712, 720, 728, 736, 744, 752, 760, 768, 776, 784, 792, 800, ...
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Factors. example: 2 x 2 = 4 there, 2 and 2 are the 2 numbers you multiply, factors are the numbers you multiply together. It can be more that 2 factors.
2 and 2. Prime factors needn't be distinct. Powers of the primes have only this prime as factor and 4 is a power of 2.
There are square numbers (numbers which are a square of an integer), such as 4. It's factors, listed are 1, 2, and 4. All square numbers have an odd number of factors. Then there's 1, which has only 1 factor: 1. All other numbers have an even number of factors. Prime numbers will have only 2 factors (2 is even).
The two factors in 24 are many possibilities6*4, 8*3 2*12
There are no "the two" factors. 2 and 4 are two factors.