That means that either the function is equal to zero everywhere (y = 0), or it is the exponential function (y = ex).
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The antiderivative of 1/x is ln(x) + C. That is, to the natural (base-e) logarithm, you can add any constant, and still have an antiderivative. For example, ln(x) + 5. These are the only antiderivatives; there are no different functions that have the same derivatives. This is valid, in general, for all antiderivatives: if you have one antiderivative of a function, all other antiderivatives are obtained by adding a constant.
The indefinite integral is the anti-derivative - so the question is, "What function has this given function as a derivative". And if you add a constant to a function, the derivative of the function doesn't change. Thus, for example, if the derivative is y' = 2x, the original function might be y = x squared. However, any function of the form y = x squared + c (for any constant c) also has the SAME derivative (2x in this case). Therefore, to completely specify all possible solutions, this constant should be added.
Differential Calculus is to take the derivative of the function. It is important as it can be applied and supports other branches of science. For ex, If you have a velocity function, you can get its acceleration function by taking its derivative, same relationship as well with area and volume formulas.
All differentiable functions need be continuous at least.
∫ f'(x)/f(x) dx = ln(f(x)) + C C is the constant of integration.