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If you are referring to the area of a rectangle, it will increase by 3 times the width. The area of a triangle will increase by 3 times 1/2 the base or, in other words, 1 1/2 times the base. (This answer presumes you mean the height increases by three units, such as inches or millimeters, not by three times the original height.)
1/2 times the perimeter of the base times slant height
The base is one third of the perimeter, half of the base times the height is the area.
Some times you do. If you know all of the side lengths, then you can just add them to find the perimeter, if one of the sides is the same as the height, then you may need to find it.
The perimeter of a trapezoid is the sum of its bases and legs. The area of a trapezoid is the height times (base 1 + base 2) divided by 2