1975
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Fractals were discovered in 1975 by a scientist names Benoit Mandelbrot.
Benoit Mandelbrot is the man who is usually credited to have discovered fractals in the year 1975. He was the first person to use this word and was also the first man to represent them in visual form. But history also shows that some facts about fractals were known to mathematicians as early as the 17th century.
Sierpinski's Triangle Sierpinski's Carpet The Wheel of Theodorus Mandelbrot Julia Set Koch Snowflake ...Just to name a few(:
Meteorologist Edward Lorenz pretty much invented chaos theory with his theory of the Butterfly Effect. The formal founder, however, was probably Benoit Mandelbrot who, several years later, began to really work with it.
Some common techniques for generating fractals would be to use iterated function systems, strange attractors, escape-time fractals, and random fractals.