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A z distribution allows you to standardize different scales for comparison.
You calculate the z-scores and then use published tables.
If the Z-Score corresponds to the standard deviation, then the distribution is "normal", or Gaussian.
For statistical tests based on (Student's) t-distribution you use the t-table. This is appropriate for small sample sizes - up to around 30. For larger samples (or degrees of freedom), the t-distribution becomes very close to the Standard Normal distribution so you use the z-tables.
Tables of the cumulative probability distribution of the standard normal distribution (mean = 0, variance = 1) are readily available. Almost all textbooks on statistics will contain one and there are several sources on the net. For each value of z, the table gives Φ(z) = prob(Z < z). The tables usually gives value of z in steps of 0.01 for z ≥ 0. For a particular value of z, the height of the probability density function is approximately 100*[Φ(z+0.01) - Φ(z)]. As mentioned above, the tables give figures for z ≥ 0. For z < 0 you simply use the symmetry of the normal distribution.