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When two variables are correlated can the researcher be sure that one variable causes the other?
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What third variables might there be that would cause a spurious correlation in the survey results?
The third variable could be one which is correlated to both variables. These are called confounding variable. For example, in the UK you could find a correlation between coastal air pollution and ice cream sales. This is not because eating ice cream causes air pollution nor because air pollution causes people to eat ice cream. The confounding variable is the temperature. Warm weather gets people to drive to the sea!
The causes of muticolinearity in multiple regression?
There is multicollinearity in regression when the variables are highly correlated to each other. For example, if you have seven variables and three of them have high correlation, then you can just use one them in your dependent variable rather than using all three of them at the same time. Including multicollinear variables will give you a misleading result since it will inflate your mean square error making your F-value significant, even though it may not be significant.
What are the three criteria for causality?
• Theories describe the relationships among variables (causation/"prichinnost") X causes Y Example: Education (X) causes the reduction in prejudice (Y)" • Independent variable (X) • Dependent variable (Y)
Can a chi square ever tell us whether one variable causes variations in the second variable?
Regrettably, no. The most a chi-square statistic can do is to participate in the measurement of the level of association of the variation between two variables.
If anxiety and depression are correlated what three possible directions of causality might explain this correlation?
If anxiety and depression are correlated, there are three possible directions of causality. These are anxiety causes depression, depression causes anxiety, and there is an environmental stimuli that causes both anxiety and depression.
What is a variable called that causes a change in another variable?
A variable that causes a change in another variable is called an independent variable. This variable is manipulated or controlled by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
What are the differences between independent and dependent variables?
Independent variables are controlled or manipulated by the researcher to determine their effect on the dependent variable. Dependent variables, on the other hand, are the outcome or response that is measured in an experiment. The independent variable causes a change in the dependent variable.
On a graph of two variables which is the variable that causes changes in the other?
The independent variable causes changes in the dependent variable; the dependent variable is contingent on the manipulations of the independent variable.
What variable causes an effect?
The independent variable is the variable that is changed or manipulated by the researcher and is hypothesized to cause an effect on the dependent variable. The dependent variable is the variable that is measured in response to the changes in the independent variable.
What third variables might there be that would cause a spurious correlation in the survey results?
The third variable could be one which is correlated to both variables. These are called confounding variable. For example, in the UK you could find a correlation between coastal air pollution and ice cream sales. This is not because eating ice cream causes air pollution nor because air pollution causes people to eat ice cream. The confounding variable is the temperature. Warm weather gets people to drive to the sea!
What is the difference between the independent and dependant variable s in an experiment?
The independent variable is the variable that is purposely changed or manipulated by the researcher. The dependent variable is the variable that is measured or observed as a result of changes in the independent variable. In other words, the independent variable causes a change in the dependent variable.
What would be the independent variable in the experiment eating chocolate causes zits?
The independent variable in this experiment would be the consumption of chocolate. It is the variable that is deliberately manipulated by the researcher to observe its effects on the dependent variable, which in this case is the occurrence of zits.
If higher income and job satisfaction are positively correlated which one is true 1. Higher income causes job Satisfaction 2. Job satisfaction causes higher income 3. third variable causes both?
Just because something is positively correlated does not automatically make any of those answers causally relevent.
What is the difference between indepedent and dependent variables?
An independent variable is manipulated by the researcher to see its effect on the dependent variable. The dependent variable is what is being measured or observed in the experiment and is influenced by changes in the independent variable. In other words, the independent variable causes a change in the dependent variable.
The causes of muticolinearity in multiple regression?
There is multicollinearity in regression when the variables are highly correlated to each other. For example, if you have seven variables and three of them have high correlation, then you can just use one them in your dependent variable rather than using all three of them at the same time. Including multicollinear variables will give you a misleading result since it will inflate your mean square error making your F-value significant, even though it may not be significant.
What is an dependent?
Variables used in an experiment or modelling can be divided into three types: "dependent variable", "independent variable", or other.The "dependent variable" represents the output or effect, or is tested to see if it is the effect.The "independent variables" represent the inputs or causes, or are tested to see if they are the cause. Other variables may also be observed for various reasons.
What is independent variables?
an independent variable is a variable that changes the dependent variable.___________________________________________________Independentvariableis:a factor or phenomenon thatcausesorinfluencesanotherassociatedfactor or phenomenon called adependent variable. For example,incomeis an independentvariablebecause it causes and influences another variableconsumption. In a mathematicalequationormodel, the independent variable is the variable whosevalueis given. In anexperiment, it is the controlledcondition(that is allowed tochangein asystematicmanner) whose effect on thebehaviorof a dependent variable is studied. Also calledcontrolled variable,explanatory variable, orpredictor variable.
