Both are very important. However maths could still be taught in other languages if English were not available.
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Very.
It is not. Look at the millions of people across the world who do not speak English but are still doing maths.
No, but it is important.
The answer depends on what the experiment is about. For example, if you believe (or want to test) that pupils' scores in English tests depend on their scores in maths tests, then the independent variable is the maths score. But if you believe that the English scores influence their maths scores then the independent variable is the maths score.
Because it is easier