Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz published a paper in 1703, which documented the base-2, or binary number system. There were other earlier uses of base-2 numbers, but Leibniz is given credit for the binary system in use, today. I found several articles, but the Wikipedia article is probably the best one that I came across. See related link.
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The only numbers used in binary are 0 and 1
No. The set of binary numbers includes fractions which are written in binary form. For example, binary(0.1) = decimal(0.5) which is not a natural number.
The only two numbers that represent a binary digit are 0 and 1
No, binary numbers don't consist of ones and twos, they are ones and zeros.
Binary.