I doubt any one person can be credited for deriving y = mx + b; where m = dy/dx is the slope and b is the y intercept. This is the kind of equation knowledgeable scientists and engineers would routinely derive during their daily courses of work.
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The y-intercept, together with the slope of the line, can also be used in graphing linear equations. The slope and y-intercept of a line can be obtained easily by inspection if the equeation of the line is of the form y=mx+b where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.
y = mx + b Where m is the slope and b is the intercept on the y-axis.
y = 2500. With slope = 0, intercept = 2500
If it was linear to start with it will still be linear. The slope will change to its reciprocal. The y-intercept will be unchanged (but it will look different)
You can graph a linear equation slope intercept by solving the equation and plugging in the numbers : y=mx+b