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There is no particular significance in 52 weeks. A year is not 52 weeks, but 52 a bit more. That length of time is determined by the earth's orbit, as is the day. So there is no escaping 365.25 days (approx) in one year.

However, the decision to divide it up into 52-and-a-bit weeks is strange. In so many cases, people have gone for numbers that that can be easily converted to half, quarter and so on (12, 60, 360) but they go select a prime for the number of days in the week! Some early calendars did have 360 days in a year and the drift was sorted by a days from time to time. Unfortunately 365 is only divisible by 5 and 73 so you either have a 5-day week or a 73-day week.

One theory is that the 7-day week can be associated with the seven celestial bodies (Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn) that are visible to the naked eye. These were considered deities in many early religions and the days of the week were named after them deities. (But why?) Even today, the day names in many languages can be linked to these bodies.

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11y ago

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Q: Why 52 weeks?
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