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In the domain [0, 2*pi],sin is negative for pi < x < 2*picos is negative pi/2 < x < 3*pi/2 andtan is negative for pi/2 < x < pi and 3*pi/2 < x < pi.Also, the same applies for all intervals obtained by adding any integer multiple of 2*pi to the bounds.
x(pi+1)/(pi+1)
3
since x is negative you use the identity cot-1(x)=tan-1(1/x)+pi. Tan-1(1/-sqrt3) + pi 5pi/6 + pi =pi
A negative power. When something is to the power of negative two, say X it would be 1/X. If something is to the power of negative 3, it would be.... etc