Because, if plotted on a Cartesian plane, all solutions to the equation would lie on a straight line.
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They are called simultaneous equations.
A system of linear equations that has at least one solution is called consistent.
Equations are not linear when they are quadratic equations which are graphed in the form of a parabola
They are not. A vertical line is not a function so all linear equations are not functions. And all functions are not linear equations.
It is a linear equation. The highest power of x in the equation is 1 (3x1-4=12) so its "degree" is 1, and equations of "degree 1" are called linear equations.