Because they allow you to generalise results. Then, for specific value of the variables you get specific answers.
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Every time the independent variables change, the dependent variables change.Dependent variables cannot change if the independent variables didn't change.
control variables: the things that are not changing.Independent variables: the things that you change.Dependent variables: the things that are changed due to the independent variable
both, variables can be anything
to quantify the qualitative variables.
Variables change, constants do not.