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1. the sample should be representative thus carefully selected. 2. the sample should be adequate thus significant enough.
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They should be smaller for the sample size 80.
The size of the sample should not affect the critical value.
... should be increased by a factor of 4. Note that this implies that the only errors are statistical (random) in nature; increasing the sample size won't improve systematic errors.
The faint pink color indicates that the solution is nearing the endpoint of the titration, where the reaction is nearly complete. Taking the faint pink color as the endpoint ensures accurate results without risking over-titrating the solution, which could lead to inaccurate readings.
Back titration is often used when the analyte reacts slowly with the titrant or when interfering substances are present in the sample that can interfere with the direct titration process. Additionally, back titration can be more accurate when dealing with weak acids or bases where the endpoint may not be easily detected.
The endpoint of a titration is reached when the indicator changes color, signaling that the stoichiometric equivalence point has been reached. This is the point at which the moles of titrant added are chemically equivalent to the moles of analyte in the sample being titrated. It indicates the completion of the reaction and helps determine the concentration of the analyte.
In conclusion, the iron content in the sample can be determined accurately using permanganate as the titrant. By measuring the volume of permanganate required to reach the endpoint, the concentration of iron in the sample can be calculated. Make sure to account for any interferences or side reactions that may affect the accuracy of the results.
Ensure that all glassware and equipment are clean and dry before starting the titration. Use a calibrated burette to accurately measure and deliver the titrant into the analyte solution. Perform a rough titration to determine an approximate endpoint before carrying out the actual titration. Record the volume of titrant added at the endpoint accurately to calculate the concentration of the analyte.
A clear endpoint where a color change or other observable change indicates the completion of the reaction. Accurate measurements of the volumes of reactants used. A well-calibrated burette for precise delivery of titrant. Use of an appropriate indicator to signal the endpoint of the titration.
Precipitation titration requires a soluble reactant that forms a precipitate upon reaction with the analyte, a suitable indicator to detect the endpoint of the titration, a method to control the addition of the titrant, and conditions under which the analyte and titrant concentrations are stoichiometric. Good stirring and controlled temperature may also be necessary for accurate results.
when we do not know nothing about the other titrant.
Constant stirring ensures that the reaction between the titrant and analyte is uniform, helping to achieve an accurate endpoint and reduce experimental errors caused by uneven mixing or settling of particles. This also facilitates faster and more efficient mixing of the reactants.
In my opinion, yes, because then you are catering to more types of lifestyle/dietary restrictions.
About 30 seconds is typically sufficient to allow the titrant to drain from the buret wall before taking a reading. This ensures that all the titrant has been delivered into the solution being titrated and minimizes errors in the titration results.
Washing and blotting the pH meter during titrations can introduce errors in the measurements by changing the electrode potential or diluting the sample being measured. It is recommended to rinse the electrode with the titrant solution instead to maintain accuracy in the titration process.