For counterclockwise rotation, the matrix has the following elements.
I will write (11) for the first row, first column etc. since there is no way to easily repesent a matrix here. We rotate by an angle theta.
(11) is cos theta
(12) negative sin theta
(21) is sin theta and
(22) is cos theta
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If its 2d, you need a point of rotation If its 3d, you need an axis of rotation
-c+2d
Yes. It is. Since we can write it either in radial or parametric terms, its a Two Dimensional phase.
this is the shape of 2d cone
A 2D sphere is a circle.