There can be no such number.
Suppose x is the least common multiple (LCM) of these numbers. Then 2*LCM is also a common multiple and is greater. And then 3*LCM is a common multiple and greater still. And so on, for ever.
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To find the greatest common factor of two numbers, you first need to split these numbers into their prime factors. For 12 and 42 this is:
12 = 2x2x3
42 = 2x3x7
The next step is to identify any common factors. In this case, both numbers have a 2 and a 3 as prime factors. Thus, to find the GCF, you need to multiply those numbers together:
2x3 = 6
So the GCF of 12 and 42 is 6.
The GCF is 7.
The Greatest Common Factor (GCF) is: 6
The GCF is 2.
The GCF is 42.
The GCF is 14.