When you have finished factoring you will have only prime numbers left (2,3,5,7,11,13...). You may, though, have more than one of a particular term. Let's factor 36. Well, I can see right off that it equals 9 x 4. Factoring again, we get 36 = [3 x 3] x [2 x 2] = 3^2, 2^2. This one is easy.
But can see that [2^10, 1], are also factors of a number. What is the number in this case? It is [2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 1] = 1024.
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simplest form
Factors of x5 . . . 1, x, x2, x3, x4, and x5, as well as any factors of 'x', and their powers. Factors of y5 . . . 1, y, y2, y3, y4, and y5, as well as any factors of 'y', and their powers.
(3b - 1)(a - b)
The expression, as given, cannot be factorised.