The speed of light (and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation) in vacuum is determined by
the electrostatic permittivity (ε0) and magnetic permeability (μ0) of free space.
An interesting thought ... we have no way of knowing whether these physical constants are the same
numbers today that they have always been. If either of them has changed since the birth of the universe,
then the speed of light changed, and our observations of the earliest cosmos give an erroneous number
for the age of the universe.
But anyway, that's what these quantities are today, and they're what determines the speed of light,
as is so neatly predicted by Maxwell's equations and verified spot-on by the best measurements.
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The speed of light in a vacuum is determined by fundamental physical constants, specifically the permittivity and permeability of free space. It is a universal constant, denoted as "c," with a value of approximately 299,792,458 meters per second.
The speed of light in a vacuum is constant at about 3 x 10^8 meters per second. The nature of the source of the light wave does not directly influence the speed of light in a vacuum. The speed of light is determined by physical constants in the vacuum, such as the permeability and permittivity of free space.
The speed of light IN A VACUUM is always the same. In substances other than the vacuum, the speed of light is usually slower than in a vacuum.
The speed of light in water is about 75% of the speed of light in a vacuum. This is due to the higher refractive index of water, which slows down the speed of light as it passes through the medium.
The speed of light in a vacuum is constant everywhere. The speed of light in a particular medium depends on what the medium is. It moves slower in air than in a vacuum, and slower in water than in air.
The speed of light when traveling through transparent materials is slower than in a vacuum. This is due to interactions with the atoms within the material. The speed of light is determined by the refractive index of the material, which is a measure of how much the speed is reduced compared to a vacuum.