If you're looking for a wire to cover all the areas use 10 guage. Very heavy but will handle most normal vehicle requirements except for extreme areas such as starter/battery cables (1 - 6 guage), and some stereo main amp feeds. You won't need 10 guage in a lot of applications (overkill) but it will cover most areas as I said. 16 guage is good for a lot of vehicle applications (lighting etc..). Check out the area of repair/installation and depending on the amperage needed you select you wiring. Below is a link to a chart you may find usefull. http://www.kayjayco.com/techPractical.htm
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For a 10 amp load at 12 volts DC, a 16-gauge wire is typically recommended. This size wire can safely handle the current without significant voltage drop or heating issues. It's always best to consult the specific wire sizing guidelines or a professional electrician to ensure safety and efficiency.
Sure you can use 14gage wiring for a 12V system. Assuming you are talking about the wiring commonly used in homes referred to as Romex cable. This cable is rated for up to 600V and can be used for any voltage under 600. However the problem you run into is 14gage Romex cable is rated for 15A regardless of the voltage. If you were to use it for a 12V system you would be limited to only 180W. Considering that most 12V light bulbs are 40W this would allow you to power only 4 40W bulbs on a 14gage circuit.
A 12 Gauge wire will handle approximately 20-26 Amps regardless of the voltage. Higher amperage can be attained by using wire with insulation that can handle higher heat.
For a 5kW heater HVAC system, you would typically need to use 10-gauge wire to handle the current load safely. It's important to always consult the manufacturer's specifications or a licensed electrician to ensure you are using the correct wire gauge for your specific setup.
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For a baseboard heater that is 1000 watts and operates at 240 volts with a current draw of 4.2 amps, you would need to use 12-gauge wire. This gauge of wire is rated for up to 20 amps, providing a safe and sufficient electrical connection for your heater.
You need a 3 conductor #10 cable. A #10 wire is rated at 30 amps.
For a 16-gauge wire at 120 volts, the ampere rating would typically be around 10-12 amps. However, it's important to consult the specific standards and guidelines provided by regulatory bodies like the National Electrical Code (NEC) to ensure safe and appropriate usage of the wire.