I suppose it would depend on which object you are discussing as to what the major, minor and interim diameters are.
In an elliptical orbit with a variable apogee (greatest distance from point of orbit)or variable plane (on which the satellite) orbits the major diameter would be where the orbit reaches its greatest distance from the gravity well and the minor diameter where it is closest to the gravity well. This center of gravity may or may not be near the center of the orbit (such as with comets), such that the actual diameter of the orbit may be as much as, or nearly so, 1/2 the major diameter. In a non-planar or variable plane orbit the effect of the gravitational field (or multiple gravity wells) may vary with the change in plane thus creating multiple orbits of various different diameters, the greatest being the major diameter. Such that, a circle drawn from the center of gravity with a radius described by the apogee of the satellite will scribe the major diameter.
If talking about an ellipse on a flat plane, the major diameter is the most distant point from the center scribing a circle around the center, or twice the major radius from the center to the apogee.
If talking about a spheroidal shape (such as the Earth) the major diameter is the plane at which the greatest diameter occurs. As in the Earth this plane is the equator.
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The mean diameter is the average diameter of an object or particle, calculated by taking measurements at multiple points and averaging the values. This metric is often used in engineering, manufacturing, and research to provide a representative size measurement for irregularly shaped objects.
The diameter of Jupiter is 11 times larger than Earth's.
Neptune has a diameter of about 49,244 kilometers, making it the fourth-largest planet in our solar system.
Pluto's diameter is about 1,473 miles (2,371 kilometers).
Normally if D52 cm is given as a dimension it will mean 52 cm diameter = 20.47244 inches diameter. 1 inch = 2.54 cm Therefore 52/2.54 = 20.47244 inches.
Earths mean diameter is 12756km at the equator, Mercury's diameter is 4879km. Mercury diameter is 0.3824 of Earths (if Earth is 1), or put another way, Earth diameter is 2.6 times bigger than that of Mercury.