The width of the aperture through which light is passing should be comparable to the wavelength of that light.
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For dispersion without deviation, the incident light ray needs to hit the surface of the prism perpendicularly, and the prism must have a symmetrical shape and uniform density throughout. This ensures that each color component of the light ray undergoes an equal but opposite deviation, resulting in no net deviation of the light ray as a whole.
The units of dispersion are dependent on the units of the data being measured. Common measures of dispersion include variance and standard deviation, which have square units and the same units as the data being measured, respectively. Another measure, such as the coefficient of variation, is a unitless measure of dispersion relative to the mean.
The types of dispersion compensation are chromatic dispersion compensation, polarization mode dispersion compensation, and non-linear dispersion compensation. Chromatic dispersion compensation corrects for dispersion caused by different wavelengths of light traveling at different speeds. Polarization mode dispersion compensation addresses differences in travel time for different polarization states of light. Non-linear dispersion compensation manages dispersion that varies with the intensity of the light signal.
Different colors of light have different wavelengths, which results in different speeds of light in the prism. This leads to varying amounts of bending or refraction for each color, causing variations in the angle of deviation. This is known as dispersion.
Mercury lamps are chosen for constant deviation spectrophotometry because they emit strong lines at characteristic wavelengths, making them suitable for calibration purposes. The narrow spectral lines produced by mercury lamps help in accurately determining the deviation and dispersion properties of the spectrometer. Sodium lamps, on the other hand, have broader emission lines which can affect the precision of the measurements in constant deviation spectrophotometry.
The only intermolecular forces in this long hydrocarbon will be dispersion forces.