-8 + b = 4 add 8 to both sides: b = 12
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It is the commutative property of addition : A+B = B+AMultiplication has the same property, whereas in subtraction and division the order of the terms changes the result.
5b = 8 therefore b = 8/5 therefore b = 1.6
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a+b+c+d+e = 30 (i) c+e = 14 (ii) d+b = 1 (iii) a = 2b-1 (iv) a+c = 10 (v) By (i)-(ii)-(iii): a = 15 then, by (iv): b = 8 and by (v): c = -5 Also, b = 8 so by (iii): d = -7 and then by (i), e = 19