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(i) They are linearly dependent since the 2nd vector is twice the 1st vector.

All 3 vectors lie in the x-z plane, so they don't span 3D space.

(ii) They are linearly independent.

Note that the cross-product of the first two is (-1,1,1).

If the third vector is not perpendicular to the above cross-product,

then the third vector does not lie in the plane defined by the first two vectors.

(-1,1,1) "dot" (1,1,-1) = -1+1-1 = -1, not zero, so 3rd vector is not perpendicular

to the cross product of the other two.

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