greater then 1
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A scale factor whose absolute value is greater than one is an enlargement whereas if the absolute value is less than 1 it is a reduction.
A negative scale factor is used to produce the image on the other side of the centre of enlargement (scaled to the absolute value of the scale factor).
A diliation is a reduction if the scale factor is: less than 1.
It is a smaller shape on the other side of the centre of enlargement.
If the dilation is >0 but <1, it is a reduction. If it is any number >1, it is an enlargement.