Correlation ~
the mean.
Average is the number that tells the typical value of data in a set.
The Mean.
Univariate.
data set
Correlation ~
range
It is called a data set.
Data about data are called metadata. See the related question "What are metadata?" for more details.
The most frequent item in a data set is called the mode.
a database
Yes, a set of data can have two modes. It is called bimodal.
field
A record.
A normal data set is a set of observations from a Gaussian distribution, which is also called the Normal distribution.
Data Series.