No.
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180 degrees. Then the sum of the two vectors has a magnitude equal to the difference of their individual magnitudes.
No, it is simpler than that. Simply add the two magnitudes. The direction will be the same as the parallel vectors.
The dot-product of two vectors is the product of their magnitudes multiplied by the cosine of the angle between them. The dot-product is a scalar quantity.
When the angle between any two component vectors is either zero or 180 degrees.