There are many models which can fit population mathematically with parameters like desease, growth etc ..
the first one was given by Euler in term of geometrical serie, but the first strong mathematical model of population in term of integral equation was given by A.J Lotka in 1939 title of this article " On a integral equation in population analysis" .
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define a subset
The population is the set of all things which you wish to study. However, because collecting information from a large, possibly infinite, population is likely to be prohibitively large and time consuming, it is collected from only some members of the population. This subset is a sample.The population may, but need not, consist of people. It could be the set of cars, or plots of land. There are a number of different ways of selecting samples: how the sample is selected will influence the quality of the statistics collected and, therefore, the validity of any conclusions.
A person or group of people that undermine the best potential of the greater group or system. Typically 10 percent of the population is a Sub-optomizer or anyone might be a suboptomizer 10 percent of the time.
define or describe each set of real numbers?
The two foci are necessary to define the location of an ellipse, but the shape depends on the eccentricity, which is related to the lengths of the two axes.