Binomials are algebraic equations with two different terms.
Trinomials are algebraic equations with three different terms.
For example, w^2 + 7w + 7 would be a trinomial because there are three terms in it and you can't simplify it any further.
w + 7w would not be a binomial because you could still simplify it to be 8w, which is a monomial.
w + 7 would be a binomial because there are two terms in it and you can't simplify it any further.
Monomials have one term, binomials have two, trinomials three, and four terms and on are called polynomials.
A linear binomial would be a binomial in which the highest exponent, or power, is one. For example, x + 2.
A quadratic trinomial is a trinomial in which the highest exponent or power is two, or the second power. For example, w^2 + 7w + 8.
A cubic binomial is a binomial in which the highest exponent or power is 3. For example, 7w^3 + x^2. Since three is larger than two, it is the highest power and the equation is a cubic binomial.
Equations to the fourth power and on are simply called fourth degree, fifth degree, and so forth. For example, fourth degree binomial, sixth degree trinomial, and fifth degree monomial.
To sum it up,
Monomial = one term
Binomial = two terms
Trinomial = three terms
Polynomial = +4 terms
Linear = 1 is the highest power/exponent
Quadratic = 2 is the highest power/exponent
Cubic = 3 is the highest power/exponent
Fourth degree, fifth degree, sixth degree, etc. = the highest power/exponent is four or larger.
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There is no quadratic equation that is 'linear'. There are linear equations and quadratic equations. Linear equations are equations in which the degree of the variable is 1, and quadratic equations are those equations in which the degree of the variable is 2.
That is the linear part.
A linear function is a line where a quadratic function is a curve. In general, y=mx+b is linear and y=ax^2+bx+c is quadratic.
A linear inequality is all of one side of a plane. A quadratic inequality is either the inside of a parabola or the outside.
A linear equation has the form of mx + b, while a quadratic equation's form is ax2+bx+c. Also, a linear equation's graph forms a line, while a quadratic equation's graph forms a parabola.