The system of equations developed from the early days with ancient China playing a foundational role. The Gaussian elimination was initiated as early as 200 BC for purposes of solving linear equations.
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The solution of a system of linear equations is a pair of values that make both of the equations true.
An inconsistent system of equations is when you have 2 or more equations, but it is not possible to satisfy all of them at the same time. (E.g if you have 3 equations, but can only satisfy 2 at once, it is an inconsistent system).
It probably means that one of the equations is a linear combination of the others/ To that extent, the system of equations is over-specified.
A system of equations will have no solutions if the line they represent are parallel. Remember that the solution of a system of equations is physically represented by the intersection point of the two lines. If the lines don't intersect (parallel) then there can be no solution.
An "inconsistent" set of equations. If they are all linear equations then the matrix of coefficients is singular.