"What do you measure (when) you measure..." ? When you measure an object's temperature, you are measuring the amount of heat the object emits (gives off). There is no such thing as cold, only the absence of heat.
Temperature
In itself it is none of them - it is just a number.However if some units are attached, it can be any of them:If its units are a linear measure, eg 472 m, it is a lengthIf its units are a square measure, eg 472 sq cm, it is an areaIf its units are a weight measure, eg 472 kg, it is massIf its units are a time measure, eg 472 seconds, it is timeIf its units are a temperature measure, eg 472 K, it is temperature.
Celsius or Fahrenheit
Armpit
Use a spectrometer to measure the wavelength of the light. There is a direct, but inverse correlation of the wavelength to the temperature.
The surface of the sun radiates energy in nearly the same manner as a black body. That is to say, the fraction of light that is emitted at each wavelength is a function of the temperature alone. As a result, we can measure the spectrum of the Sun, and then fit it with a blackbody spectrum to derive the temperature.
Celsius is a measure of temperature, not distance.
A thermometer placed in sunlight will measure the temperature of the air surrounding it, not the temperature of the sun itself. The sun's rays can heat up the air, which in turn affects the temperature measured by the thermometer.
Yes, a radiation pyrometer is able to measure the temperature of the sun. Radiation pyrometers work by measuring the infrared radiation emitted by an object, and the sun emits enough infrared radiation that it can be accurately measured using a pyrometer.
The answer depends on why you want to measure the temperature and what the object is. I cannot see any way of measuring the temperature of the surface of the sun in the shade!
No, a thermometer would not be able to accurately measure the temperature of a vacuum since there are no particles to transfer heat. In the vacuum of space, temperature is not measured in the same way as it is in an atmosphere.
optical pyrometerA special type of technique is used to measure very high temperatures such as the Sun. A Bolometer is the instrument used to measure the Suns temperature. The Bolometer measures in colors, and the Sun emits temperatures in colors. This technique is based on a law called Wien's Law.
We don't need to estimate it, we can measure it (at least the surface temperature) using the cavity radiation equation and experimental observation of the solar spectrum.
Temperature xD
You measure temperature using a thermometer.
The temperature of the sun is estimated to be about 5,500 degrees Celsius at its surface and around 15 million degrees Celsius at its core. Scientists use specialized instruments like spectrometers and telescopes to study the sun's radiation and emission lines to estimate its temperature. Directly measuring the sun's temperature is not feasible due to its extreme heat and distance from Earth.