you take the earning before interest and taxes
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You calculate loss the same as you would do profit income minus expenses (outgoings) = profit/loss If the answer is negative then you are making a loss, if the answer is positive then you are making a profit.
There are many ways quadratic equations are used in the real world. These equations are used to calculate area, speed and profit
The answer will depend on profits as a percentage of what! As a percentage of revenue, it would be 100*(Total Revenue - Total Costs)/Total Revenue In example (as given in discussion page) Total Revenue = 236,000 Total Costs = 173,000 Total Profit = Total Revenue - Total Costs = 63,000 So percentage profit = 100*63,000/236,000 = 26.7% (approx).
a 2-year bond pays annual coupon of 5.5%, has annual effective yield of 9.3%,and has a par value of RM100. the 1-year spot rate is 7% and the 2-year spot rate is 9%. describe the strategy that requires the sale or purchase of exactly one of the 5.5% 2-year bonds and produces arbitrage profit of RM0.59
Profit divided by sales is profit per item.