If you multiply the number by 1.4 the product is the number increased by 40 percent. This is because of the distributive property. And you thought multiplying by 1 was meaningless...
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40 to 66 = 65 % increase.
There is a 12.5% increase from 40 to 45.
25% increase
Here's another way to ask the question: If you have a number and increase it by 40 percent you get 80. What is the number? Let x be the number you're looking for. Forty percent of the number can be expressed as 0.40x (because 40% = 0.40). The question said that x is increased by 40 percent, which implies addition, so the equation is x + 0.40x = 80 1.4x = 80 x = 80/1.4 = 57.14
175/100 * 40 = 70