There are several ways to do that. For example, you can actually graph the function. Or, you can check the ratio of the differences between the points. If this ratio (change in y, divided by change in x) is constant, the function is linear.
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If you have only a single table value you cannot know. You need the values for the two variables for at least 2 points. With n variables, you would need to have at least n independent sets of values, each set comprising n values - so n^2 in all.
The position and value of any two observations. In terms of coordinates, (x1,y1) and (x2, y2) for any two points provided that x1 is not the same as x2.
the Equation of a Line Given That You Know Two Points it Passes Through.
This kind of question usually accompanies a specific table of ordered pairs. The idea is that the ordered pairs take the form of (x, f(x)) where the first number of the ordered pair x, is a value of the variable for some equation. When that value is used in place of the variable in the equation, we can calculate a specific value. That calculated value appears as the second value of the ordered pair and is represented by f(x) above. Typically the equation is relatively simple, such as a linear equation or a quadratic equation. Therefore, in order to determine the equation, we have to know exactly what the ordered pairs are.
When you see the actual function (e.g. f(x) = ...) you can know what each input corresponds to, and can construct any table. If you are given just the table, you cannot always predict the function correctly, since the function the table seems to represent does not necessarily have to be that function. For example, it might seem that x : f(x) -2 -4 -1 -2 0 0 1 2 2 4 would correspond to f(x) = 2x, but this is not necessarily the case. There could be some arbitrary function that just happens to contain those five points.
To solve linear equations, you always use the inverse operations