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It is possible to predict the number of factors of a given number just from knowing the prime factorization. If you list the p.f. with exponents, add one to each exponent and multiply them, you will have the total number of factors. Sounds complicated. Let's look at some examples.

2 x 3 = 6

(2^1 x 3^1 = 6)

Any number without an exponent actually has the implied exponent 1. Adding one to each and multiplying gives us 2 x 2 = 4

Six has four factors. That's two factor pairs.

2^3 x 3^2 = 72

4 x 3 = 12

72 has 12 factors. 6 factor pairs.

Square numbers are tricky.

3^2 x 3^2 = 81

3 x 3 = 9

81 has 9 factors but 5 factor pairs, since one of the factors (the square root) will be listed twice in a factor pair.

Any time you have an even number of factors, cut it in half for the factor pairs. Any time you have an odd number of factors, add one and cut it in half.

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Q: How do you know that you have all the factor pairs in a given number?
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