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For certain angles, the answer is yes. For 30o to the horizontal (in the positive x direction), you need to measure the horizontal distance to be twice the vertical distance. For example, draw a triangle with a base length of 10cm and, at a right angle to the base, measure a height of 5cm. The angle to the horizontal (the smaller angle) will be 30o. (The opposite is true for the angle of 60o).
right angle
An obtuse angle is an angle between 90 degrees and 180 degrees. A 180 degree angle is a straight horizontal line. So you can imagine that a 160 degree angle is almost but not quite horizontal.
Slope is the angle compared with the horizontal, where the horizontal is 90° to the vertical, which can be measured with a plumb line. So, put a weight on a string, measure the angle of the string to the angle you are measuring, subtract 90° and that will give you the slope.
The answer depends on the context: If you have a distance vector of magnitude V, that is inclined at an angle q to the horizontal, then the horizontal distance is V*cos(q).