by a graduated cylinder (don't rely on this answer i am not sure of it)
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He discovered the method to calculate the volume of a irregular object (rock).
One way to figure this out is to put the object in a graduated cylinder containing water and measuring the changes in the volume of the water.
The volume of an object has three dimensions and when all three dimensions are multiplied together the product is called the volume which is measured in cubic units.
Volume cannot be measured in cm since that is a unit for measuring length.
The easiest way is to use Archimedes principle ! Immerse the object in a container of water that is full to the brim - then collect the displaced over-spill, and measure it.