4 these are 00,01,10 and 11...
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24, or 16 (0 through 15) One binary digit (bit) can have 21 values (0 or 1). Two bits can have 22 values. Three bits can have 23 values. A five-bit number can have 25 values... and so on...
1. A single bit can represent two different values, 0 and 1. Then simply take the largest of those two possible values, 1, and that's your answer.
Advantage of binary over decimal: information can be recorded and stored in any dichotomous variable: magnetised or not magnetised (most electronic media), pit or no pit (optoelectronic media CDs/DVDs). For decimal it would be necessary to store as 10 different levels of magnetisation or depths of pits. Not so easy to make such a system error-free. Advantage of decimal over binary: fewer "digits" required. Every ten binary digits (1024 values) can be replaced by just a shade more than three decimal digits (1000 values). So the number of digits to be stored is less than a third.
It would be 2 raised to the power 32: 4,294,967,296.
The binary number is 11101110. A binary number represents exponential values of 2, in this case 8 digits for 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, and 1 238 = 128 + 64 + 32 + (0x16) + 8 + 4 + 2 + (0x1)